一、礦山開采。
分為人工(gong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)和(he)爆破(po)(po)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)兩類(lei)。爆破(po)(po)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)又(you)有(you)微(wei)爆破(po)(po)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)和(he)大爆破(po)(po)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)兩類(lei)。大理石(shi)(shi)、沿海(hai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶的花崗石(shi)(shi)(沿海(hai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶花崗石(shi)(shi)比較軟)常常用(yong)人工(gong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)或微(wei)爆破(po)(po)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai),四川(chuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶的花崗石(shi)(shi)(比較堅硬)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)用(yong)大爆破(po)(po)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)。大爆破(po)(po)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)材料利用(yong)率很(hen)低,大部(bu)分都在爆破(po)(po)中(zhong)碎(sui)裂了,因此除非很(hen)硬的石(shi)(shi)材,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)不會用(yong)這種方法。
二、荒料加工。
開采(cai)出來的(de)大(da)(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)叫(jiao)做荒(huang)料,一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圓盤(pan)(pan)鋸(ju)(ju)進(jin)行鋸(ju)(ju)解(jie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)成石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板,對于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)理石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),則還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛(gang)砂(sha)鋸(ju)(ju)進(jin)行加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圓盤(pan)(pan)鋸(ju)(ju)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)個大(da)(da)(da)的(de)圓盤(pan)(pan)形鋸(ju)(ju)片(pian)(pian),鋸(ju)(ju)片(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)鑲嵌(qian)有(you)粉末冶金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)粘接(jie)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)顆(ke)粒(li)。這種(zhong)設備(bei)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)超硬(ying)質石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)也比較(jiao)靈活,缺(que)(que)點是(shi)(shi)圓盤(pan)(pan)的(de)直(zhi)徑(jing)需要二倍的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)高度(du)加(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)法蘭盤(pan)(pan)直(zhi)徑(jing),而太(tai)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)鋸(ju)(ju)片(pian)(pian)直(zhi)徑(jing)制造不(bu)(bu)(bu)易,因此不(bu)(bu)(bu)利于(yu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)超大(da)(da)(da)規格板材(cai)(cai)(cai)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛(gang)砂(sha)鋸(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)排(多(duo)(duo)條(tiao)(tiao))條(tiao)(tiao)狀鋸(ju)(ju)片(pian)(pian),每條(tiao)(tiao)鋸(ju)(ju)片(pian)(pian)類似于(yu)木(mu)匠使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)手(shou)工(gong)(gong)鋸(ju)(ju)鋸(ju)(ju)條(tiao)(tiao),但金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛(gang)砂(sha)鋸(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)條(tiao)(tiao)平行排列(lie),每條(tiao)(tiao)之(zhi)間(jian)間(jian)隔(ge)與板材(cai)(cai)(cai)厚度(du)相等,這樣砂(sha)鋸(ju)(ju)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)將整塊(kuai)荒(huang)料一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)鋸(ju)(ju)解(jie)成很多(duo)(duo)片(pian)(pian)板材(cai)(cai)(cai)。但是(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛(gang)砂(sha)鋸(ju)(ju)由于(yu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛(gang)砂(sha)作磨料,不(bu)(bu)(bu)太(tai)適(shi)合加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)硬(ying)質的(de)花(hua)崗巖,一(yi)(yi)般只用(yong)(yong)于(yu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)(da)理石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。另外,如果荒(huang)料中(zhong)有(you)缺(que)(que)陷(xian),在加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)前沒有(you)被發(fa)現(xian)的(de)話,由于(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛(gang)砂(sha)鋸(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)完成,等到(dao)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)完發(fa)現(xian)缺(que)(que)陷(xian)就(jiu)來不(bu)(bu)(bu)及了,將導致整塊(kuai)荒(huang)料報廢,所花(hua)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)費(fei)也浪費(fei)了,因此不(bu)(bu)(bu)適(shi)合缺(que)(que)陷(xian)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)品(pin)種(zhong)。經過鋸(ju)(ju)解(jie)的(de)板材(cai)(cai)(cai)稱為毛板。
三、板材拋光。
拋(pao)光(guang)設備有多種,從(cong)小型手扶式的(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)大型全自動的(de)(de)(de)(de)都有。一般使用(yong)(yong)(yong)金(jin)剛(gang)砂作磨(mo)料(liao)。花崗(gang)石(shi)拋(pao)光(guang),一般使用(yong)(yong)(yong)復合材料(liao)膠結的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)剛(gang)砂磨(mo)塊(也叫磨(mo)頭)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)拋(pao)光(guang),一般有1#、2#、3#、4#、5#和0#,共6種磨(mo)塊,1#最粗(cu),5#很細(xi),0#則(ze)是(shi)不含金(jin)剛(gang)砂的(de)(de)(de)(de)拋(pao)光(guang)膏。加(jia)工時(shi)一般從(cong)1#到(dao)(dao)5#順序進(jin)(jin)行(xing),最后(hou)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)0#拋(pao)光(guang)。大理石(shi)拋(pao)光(guang),一般使用(yong)(yong)(yong)毛氈加(jia)蠟再加(jia)各種不同顆粒粗(cu)細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)剛(gang)砂細(xi)粉進(jin)(jin)行(xing)拋(pao)光(guang)。經過(guo)拋(pao)光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)板(ban)材稱為(wei)光(guang)板(ban)。
四、切邊。
光板經(jing)過切(qie)邊(bian)機切(qie)割成所需(xu)要的尺寸規(gui)格(ge),就(jiu)可以(yi)出(chu)廠(chang)銷售了。一(yi)般(ban)常見的通(tong)用規(gui)格(ge),在國內有(you) 800*800mm和600*600mm,也(ye)(ye)有(you)500*500mm的,出(chu)口(kou)板則(ze)常用305*305mm、406*406mm、610*610mm、 812*812mm等規(gui)格(ge),也(ye)(ye)可以(yi)根據客戶需(xu)要定制規(gui)格(ge)。經(jing)過以(yi)上工(gong)序,石材(cai)就(jiu)可以(yi)出(chu)廠(chang)了。
五、現場加工。
有時候在施工(gong)現場(chang)需要(yao)(yao)對石材進行(xing)現場(chang)加工(gong),例如(ru)需要(yao)(yao)改小、切角,這一般是使用手提式切割(ge)機進行(xing)切割(ge)加工(gong)。
六、特殊加工。
例(li)如有些石材(cai)需(xu)要在上面打孔、磨邊等(deng),一(yi)般是用(yong)手提式切割機、角磨機進行(xing)加(jia)工(gong)的。另外還有些特殊加(jia)工(gong),例(li)如燒毛、雕刻等(deng)等(deng).